Mr. ANAYEOKWU SAMUEL NDIDI
Publication Title HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF USED ENGINE OIL ON THE GILLS OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clariasgariepinus) JUVENILES AND THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BIOASSAY WATER.
Publication Type journal
Publisher International Journal of Global Affairs , Research and Development (IJGARD)
Publication Authors 1Yusuf, A.,2Yunusa, A., 1Onimisi, M.M., 3Abdullahi, B.A., 1Gebi, D, Y., 4Anayeokwu, S.N.,
Year Published 2024-05-01
Abstract Engine oil, a major lubricant in automobile engines is often discharged in its spent form into the environment during engine servicing and repairs, from where it may be leached into adjoining surface water bodies during precipitation, with adverse effects on fish and other aquatic biota. The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of spent engine oil on the gills of juveniles ofClariasgariepinus was assessed in this study which was carried out in the Water Quality Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Prince Abubakar Audu University Anyigba. A range finding test was first carried out to determine the concentrations for the acute toxicity test, from which concentrations of 550, 650, 750 and 850 mg/L. 0.0 ml/l was used. Fifteen plastic 40 litres was used as the bioassay units with five treatments and three replicates and ten juveniles of Clarias gariepinus with mean weight of 18±2.0g mean length of 6-8cm stockedin each unit. The experiment was laid as Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and three replicates. The data collected was subjected to ANOVA of the log/concentration and probit analysisfor the acute toxicity bioassay and histopathology of the gill in different concentration were subjected to photo micrographic analyses. Based on the results, acute toxicity bio-assay conducted to determine the 96hr LC50 value was 599.95 mg/l.The impact was seen in the overall deterioration of the quality of water in the experimental tanks aside the control tanks. Gills of fishes in the control group showed little or no histological abnormalities. However there was histological abnormalities in the gills in the other units with different concentrations of spent engine oil which ranged from moderate to severe thickening and sloughing off the epithelium and necrosis, lamellar disorganization in plate2,distortion of gill filaments, epithelium rupture with haemorrhage, blanketing and blood congestionin plate3 gills epithelium rupture with haemorrhage and intense cellular necrosis in plate 4 and epithelial rupture with haemorrhage, lamellar erosion. epithelia and diffusion secondary lamellae in plate 5. The indiscriminate discharge of spent engine oil into water bodies poses a threat to aquatic organisms such as fish resulting in adverse behavioral responses, histological abnormalities in the gills and eventually death. Proper treatment and disposal of the spent oil is therefore necessary to ensure adequate protection of aquatic resources
Publication Title Histology of liver of Claria gariepinus Fingerlings Fed with Spent Sorghum from Locally Fermented Drink (Burukutu)
Publication Type journal
Publisher J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Vol. 27 (6) 1251-1254 June 2023
Publication Authors 1ANAYEOKWU, SN; 2OBAROMBI, GT; *2OGBE, KU; 2WINTOLA, HU; 2DAUDA JM; 3DASUMA, E
Year Published 2023-02-07
Abstract High fiber content, increased presence of carbohydrates, anti-nutritional factors can have adverse
effects on the digestive system of fish and therefore on fitness, health and production capacity. A 70-day study was
conducted to evaluate the histological alteration of the liver of Clarias gariepinus fed with spent sorghum. Ten
isonitrogenous diets were formulated. Spent sorghum was added to the diet to replace maize at graded levels; 0%,
10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. Total of 360 fish (8.330±0.00g) were randomly assigned
to the five treatment diets. Each treatment contained 10 fish per bowls and each treatment was triplicated in a
completely randomized design (CRD). Fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight in equal proportions. At the end
of the feeding trials, the liver of the fish were taken for histological analysis. The histological results of the liver
showed that some treatments showed cytoplasm with irregular arrangement and dislocated nucleus; slight
haemorrhage in the hepatic parenchyma with peribular capsule indistinct between hepatocytes and enlarged
hepatocytes which is not a dietary treatment related.
Publication Title Proximate, Minerals and Vitamin Composition of Synodontis ocellifer and Malapterurus electricus Freshwater Fish Species obtained from Ega Market in Idah Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria
Publication Type journal
Publisher J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage.
Publication Authors OGBE, KU; 2OLANIYI, AO; 3PEACE, OS; 4ANAYEOKWU, SN
Year Published 2024-06-01
Abstract The objective of this paper was to investigate the proximate, minerals and vitamin composition
of Synodontis ocellifer and Malapterurus electricus freshwater fish species obtained from Ega Market in Idah Local
Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria using standard procedure. The highest protein content was recorded for
Synodotis ocellifer at 24.76±0.000a and for Malapteruru selectricus at 20.625±0.019b, highest moisture was recorded
for Malapterurus electricus at 71.07±0.042a and for Synodontis ocellifer at 68.30±0.141b.The highest ash content
was recorded for Synodontis ocellifer at 3.075±0.035aand forMalapterurus electricus at 2.875±0.356b.The highest
crude fibre was recorded for Malapterurus electricus at 1.030±0.014a, while the lowest crude fibre was recorded in
Synodontis ocellifer 0.140±0.028b.The highest Fat content was recorded Synodontis ocellifer at 3.110±0.014aand
forMalapterurus electricus at 3.025±0.007b. The highest carbohydrate content was recorded for Malapterurus
electricus at 1.38±0.084a and for Synodontis ocellifer at 0.705±0.134b. There is a significant difference between all
the proximate compositions for Synodontis ocellifer and Malapteruru selectricus at p-value<
0.05.Synodontisocellifer, the highest mineral content was recorded for K at 942.10±0.14a followed by Ca at
317.950±0.214a, while the lowest was observed in Fe at 2.35±0.70b. For Malapterurus electricus, the highest mineral
content was recorded for K at 610.70±0.00b followed by Ca at 203.40±0.14b, while the lowest was observed in Zn at
2.30±0.14b.There was a significant difference between all the mineral compositions for Synodontis ocellifer and
Malapterurus electricus except for P, at p-value< 0.05. The highest Vitamin C content was recorded for Synodontis
ocellifer at 5.35±0.035a, while the lowest Vitamin C content was recorded for Malapterurus electricus at
4.77±0.035b. The highest Vitamin A content was recorded for Synodontis ocellifer at 144.33±1.689a, while lowest
Vitamin A content was recorded at 130.02±0.000b. There is a significant difference between all the vitamin
compositions for Synodontis ocellifer and Malapterurus electricus at p-value< 0.05.The nutrient profile of these fish
species will provide information to dieticians, livestock farmers, marketing industries and other fisheries
stakeholders. Synodotis ocellifer has the highest protein content and could be recommended as a possible effective
way to solve protein malnutrition.
Publication Title EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF SOYABEAN (Glycine max) MEAL WITH BAMBARA NUT (Vign asubterranea) HULL MEAL IN THE DIET OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clariasgariepinus) JUVENILES
Publication Type journal
Publisher nternational Journal of Global Affairs , Research and Development (IJGARD) V
Publication Authors 1Yusuf, A.,2Yunusa, A.,2Buba, W., 3Anayeokwu, S.N., 1Emmanuel, V.S.
Year Published 2024-06-01
Abstract Bambara nut (Vignasubterranea) hull meal is produced as a waste product during the processing
of Bambaranut into human food. This waste product is usually discarded. A study was therefore
conducted in the Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of
Agriculture, Prince AbubakarAudu University, Anyigba to determine the effect of replacing soya
bean (Glycine max) meal with Bambara nut hull meal in the diet of African catfish
(Clariasgariepinus) juvenile. Five diets were formulated with replacement of soya bean meal with
Bambara hull meal at 0% replacement, designated as D1, 25% replacement D2, 50% D3, 75%
D4 and 100% D5, were used to feed one hundred and fifty(150) juveniles of Clariasgariepinus
with the initial weight of 18± 1.35g in bioassay of five units with three replicate. The experiment
was designed as Completely Randomized Design (One Way ANOVA) with five treatments and
three replicates. The data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance.The significance of the
means was determined by least significant difference (LSD) using the SPSS version 23 (2015)
statistical software package. The result of the physicho-chemical parameter of the water of the
bioassay water was within the optimal range recommended by WHO for the culture of fresh water
fishes. The results of growth performance, feed utilization and survival ofClariasgariepinus
juveniles fed with different level substitution of soya beans meal with bambara nut hull meal diets
showedthe highest weight gain (16.33g) was recorded in the diet two (D2) having 25%
replacement, although there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between D2 and D1. However,
D5 having 100% replacement had the lowest weight gain (4.33g). Feed Conversion Ratio, Feed
Conversion Efficiency and Specific Growth Rate were better with D2 than others. Survival Rate
was higher in all other diets than the control diet (D1). This study therefore showed that Bambara
nut hull meal contains necessary growth factors required for Clariasgariepinus juveniles and 25%
replacement is recommended for use. The study also acknowledged that Clariasgariepinus can
tolerate and survive more with the diets containing Bambara nut than diets containing only soya
bean meal as the survival rate were higher range from60-70 %in all the diet containing Bamara
nut hull meal than with only soya beans meal control,60%.
Publication Title Water Quality Index (WQI) of Akassa Creek Southern Nigeria
Publication Type Published Research
Publisher International Journal of Biological Innovations (IJBI)
Paper Link http://ijbi.org.in/archive.php?CId=13
Publication Authors E.Ogidiaka-Obende,S.N.Anayeokwu,E.O.Omoarebun,J.Atadiose and I.M Oyem
Year Published 2025-05-03
Abstract Abstract: Water quality index (WQI) is an important tool used to evaluate the status of a water body through a single value. In recent times, there have been serious concerns on the state of most coastal water of which Akassa creek is a portion. Water samples were collected from Akassa creek between June and December, 2024 from two stations. The water was analysed for Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, EC, nitrate, total hardness, zinc, cadmium, copper, lead using standard methods and the average taken using descriptive analysis. WQI values of 12.669 and 24.029 were recorded for both stations respectively. The result reveals that the study area had an excellent status. However, more detailed research work is recommended.
Publication Title Effects of Aqueous solution of African Locust Bean Tree(parkia biglobosa) leaf extract on the Haematology of African Catfish(clarias gariepinus) juveniles and water quality of culture medium
Publication Type conferenceproceeding
Publisher FISHERIES SOCIETY OF NIGERIA
Publication Authors YUSUF AA, YUNUSA MM ,SALAUDEEN,DY GEBI,SN ANAYEOKWU
Year Published 2024-11-28
Abstract The acute toxicity of aqueous extract of African Locust Beans tree
(Parkia biglobosa) leaf on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
juveniles was investigated in a static bioassay to determine the
median lethal concentrations (LC50) at 96 hours of exposure. The
bioassay was conducted in the water quality laboratory of Prince
Abubakar Audu University Anyigba, Kogi State. Six graded
concentrations of 0, 85.5, 90.5, 95.5, 100.5 and 105.5 mg/l of the
aqueous extract were applied to Clarias gariepinus juveniles in plastic
containers. The 96 hours LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits)
estimated by probit analysis was 90.241 mgl-1.Fishes exposed to
extract of P.biglibosa leaf (0.0, 85.5, 90.5, 95.5, 100.5 and 105.5
mg/l) for 96 hours revealed that aqueous extract of Parkia biglobosa
leaf causes alterations in various blood parameters. Red blood cell
(RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, haemoglobin
concentration and haematocrit values were decreased. The toxicity
of the aqueous extract of the plant against Clarias gariepinus was both
time and dose dependent. It is thought that this plant extract, the leaf
and other parts such as the bark and the roots, would be useful in
aquaculture to eradicate predators and competing wild fish from
nursery, rearing and stocking ponds prior to the stocking of
commercially important fry and fingerlings of desired species
Publication Title Fish Community Composition, Abundance and Distributions in Okura River in Dekina Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria
Publication Type journal
Publisher J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Vol. 29 (4) 1177-1182 April 2025
Publication Authors ANAYEOKWU, SN; 1OGIDIAKA-OBENDE, E; 2OMADA, OI; 1OMOAREBUN, EJ; 3OGBE, KU
Year Published 2025-04-30
Abstract Fish communities can provide valuable insights into the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems as they are highly sensitive indicators of water quality. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to investigate the fish community composition, abundance and distribution in the Okura River in Dekina Local Government Area (LGA), Kogi State, Nigeria using appropriate standard procedures. Our results showed a total of seven (7) fish species belonging to six families and five orders. The variation in the Simpson, Shannon, weinner, dominance and evenness was not significantly different in the three dominant fish species encountered in the Okura River. The index measured for fish species, showed slight difference among them. The variation in the Simpson, Shannon, Weiner and Evenness was not significant different in the three dominant fish species in the Okura River. The Simpson index ranged from 0.953 in E. callipterus to 0.957 in T. zilli, the Shannon index ranges from 3.102 in E. callipterus to 3.156 in T. zilli. The fish community composition indicates that the fish communities are mature and stable. Periodic checks of the Okura River using fish communities as indicators of water quality can provide a framework for monitoring the ecological health of the water body.